The flag of Iraq features three equal horizontal stripes, with red on the top, white in the middle, and black on the bottom. In the center of the white stripe is an Arabic inscription in green that reads “Allahu Akbar” (“God is the Greatest”). The flag was adopted on January 22, 2008, after the fall of Saddam Hussein’s regime, and replaced the previous flag that had a similar design but included the words “Allahu Akbar” in Saddam Hussein’s handwriting. The three stripes represent the Abbasid Caliphate (red), the Umayyad Caliphate (white), and the Fatimid Caliphate (black), which all had significant historical connections to the region that is now Iraq.